What is the difference between a natural hazard and a natural disaster?

A natural hazard is a geophysical or meteorological event (e.g., earthquake, cyclone) that occurs naturally. It becomes a natural disaster only when it impacts vulnerable human populations, causing significant loss of life, property, or livelihood disruption.

Which soil type is most suitable for cotton cultivation in India and why?

Black soil (Regur), derived from Deccan Traps basalt, is ideal for cotton due to its high smectite clay content, exceptional moisture retention (200–250 mm/m), and self-ploughing characteristic (cracking in summer, swelling in monsoon).

How does the Disaster Management Act, 2005 structure disaster governance in India?

The Act establishes a three-tier system: National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) chaired by the Prime Minister at the apex, State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) headed by Chief Ministers, and District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMAs) led by District Collectors for ground-level coordination.