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Question 1

What is the difference between ecotone and ecocline?

Accepted Answer

An ecotone is a transition zone between two distinct biological communities (biotic emphasis), often with a discernible width. An ecocline is a gradual, continuous change in abiotic environmental factors (e.g., temperature, salinity) across a gradient, without a sharp boundary.

Question 2

How does edge effect impact biodiversity in fragmented forests?

Accepted Answer

Edge effects alter microclimate (higher temperature, lower humidity), increase invasive species colonization, elevate predation and brood parasitism rates, and reduce core habitat area, leading to local extinctions of interior specialist species over time.

Question 3

Why are ecotones important for climate change adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Ecotones act as climate refugia and migration corridors, harbor high genetic diversity, and allow species to track shifting suitable habitats. Protecting ecotonal connectivity enhances ecosystem resilience under climate change.

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