What are the main types of Indian water resources?

Indian water resources are divided into surface water—rivers, lakes, ponds—and groundwater stored in aquifers. The country’s major rivers include the Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra, Godavari, and Krishna.

How does climate change affect water scarcity in India?

Climate change alters rainfall patterns, leading to more frequent droughts and floods. This variability reduces the reliability of surface water and stresses groundwater recharge, worsening scarcity.

What traditional water‑management systems exist in India?

Traditional systems include Rajasthan’s khadins and jhads, Maharashtra’s bawaris and rooftop harvesting, and South India's eris and surangams, all designed to capture and conserve rainwater and groundwater.