glacial melt - Geography Ebooks | TheGeoecologist

Question 1

What would happen to India's temperature without the Himalayas?

Accepted Answer

Without the Himalayas, freezing winds from Siberia and Central Asia would sweep across the Indo-Gangetic Plain, dropping winter temperatures by 10–15°C. Northern India would resemble the cold, arid steppes of Mongolia or Kazakhstan, making it largely uninhabitable for its current population density.

Question 2

How do the Himalayas affect the Indian Monsoon?

Accepted Answer

The Himalayas force moisture-laden winds from the Indian Ocean to rise, cool, and release rain through orographic lift. They also create a low-pressure zone over the Tibetan Plateau that draws the monsoon northward. Without them, monsoon rainfall over India would decrease by 60–80%, collapsing agriculture.

Question 3

Which major rivers depend on Himalayan glaciers?

Accepted Answer

The Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra, Indus, and their tributaries are fed by Himalayan glaciers. These rivers support over 600 million people across India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal for drinking water, irrigation, and hydropower. Glacial melt provides 40–70% of dry-season flow in key basins.

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