Himalayan hazards - Geography Ebooks | TheGeoecologist

Question 1

What are the main avalanche types in India?

Accepted Answer

The four main avalanche types in India are loose snow (sluff) avalanches, slab avalanches, powder snow avalanches, and wet snow avalanches. Slab avalanches are the most destructive and cause the majority of fatalities.

Question 2

Which Indian states are most vulnerable to avalanches?

Accepted Answer

Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh are the most avalanche-prone states, covering the entire Himalayan belt. Ladakh (UT) also faces high risk in its cold desert regions.

Question 3

How does India forecast and manage avalanche risks?

Accepted Answer

The Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment (SASE) issues daily danger bulletins using 150+ weather stations, satellite data, and numerical models. Management includes structural measures (snow fences, galleries, Gazex exploders) and non-structural measures (hazard mapping, community training, land-use regulation).

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Avalanche Types India: Comprehensive Guide to Avalanche Disasters & Management