in-situ conservation - Geography Ebooks | TheGeoecologist

Question 1

What are the main differences between in-situ and ex-situ biodiversity conservation measures?

Accepted Answer

In-situ conservation protects species within their natural habitats (e.g., national parks, biosphere reserves), allowing ecological and evolutionary processes to continue. Ex-situ conservation preserves genetic material outside natural habitats (e.g., seed banks, zoos, cryopreservation) as an insurance policy against extinction and for research. Both are complementary and essential under the CBD's Global Biodiversity Framework.

Question 2

Which are the four biodiversity hotspots in India and why are they prioritized?

Accepted Answer

India's four biodiversity hotspots are the Himalaya, Indo-Burma, Western Ghats & Sri Lanka, and Sundaland (Andaman & Nicobar Islands). They are prioritized because each contains >1,500 endemic vascular plant species and has lost >70% of its original habitat, making them irreplaceable and highly threatened reservoirs of unique biodiversity.

Question 3

How does the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (2022) shape current conservation targets?

Accepted Answer

The GBF sets four 2050 goals and 23 action-oriented 2030 targets. Target 3 ("30x30") aims to effectively conserve 30% of terrestrial, inland water, coastal, and marine areas by 2030. Target 18 calls for redirecting $500 billion/year in harmful subsidies. The framework replaces the Aichi Targets and guides national biodiversity strategies (NBSAPs) worldwide.

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Biodiversity Conservation Measures: Concept, Strategies & UPSC Guide